Scientist investigate to understand natural phenomena, find answers to unsolved questions, in order to ultimately expand the knowledge of mankind. Yes this sounds cliche, but it’s true.
We should remember that science is a social process. It is paramount for scientist to be social and communicate with peers in order to share their ideas, hypothesis, results and receive critical feedback from others. This communication, historically and still today, is done written (papers) and orally (talks and conversations at conferences).
I can only provide my opinion from a computer science point of view, and my impression is that there is a tremendous focus today on reviewing, publications, conferences and citation counts.
I think we are forgetting the big picture: reviewing, publications, conferences are a means to an end. It is the means of communicating in order to achieve the end of understanding something that we do not understand today.
Recently I’ve been seeing a lot of twitter rants and posts about all the problems of reviewing and publications in Computer Science (too many to point to but most notably recently “Effectiveness of Anonymization in Double-Blind Review” and Michael Stonebraker’s keynote at ICDE 2018 (video). They are all worth reading/listening. However, I think we should think about this situation from scratch.
Some ideas/comments (inspired after a conversation with Wolfgang Lehner when I visited TU Dresden and talking to other colleagues in different sciences)